Tourtoirac Rock Shelter
Tourtoirac, Dordogne, France
The Tourtoirac rock shelter is one of the many poorly documented prehistoric sites in the Périgord. Exploited to fertilize agricultural lands in the adjacent valley then explored in the 19th and 20th centuries1,2 and finally subjected to looting until the end of the 1990s, it was systematically excavated by H. Laville and his team from 1968 to 1972. The latter identified an intact stratigraphic sequence attesting to prehistoric occupations including a single Gravettian and five Mousterians layers. The deepest Mousterian layer also yielded two human remains. Unfortunately, apart from three brief notes3–5, Laville never published the results of his research, and the site was gradually forgotten.
Tourtoirac Rock Shelter (©Luc Doyon)
Located in the Auvezère valley, the site lies between the classic Perigordian and Charentian centres of prehistory.
- What are the relationships between the rock shelter and these centres?
- What was the nature of the human occupations in the valley?
- How did the land exploitation strategies evolve from the end of the Middle Paleolithic to the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic?
To answer these questions, an international multidisciplinary team has resumed archaeological field research at the site in 2021 and, in parallel, has undertaken the study of ancient collections with state-of-the-art methods. This field research also includes an important didactic component as it welcomes since 2023 the Graduate Fieldwork Training School for the Master 1 students registered in Archeology, Sciences for Archeology program from the University of Bordeaux, specialty Prehistory Geoarchaeology, Archaeozoology.
Atelier géoarchéologie - relevé de coupe animé par Catherine Ferrier lors de la campagne 2023 (©Cédric Beauval)
The field operation takes place every year in May. Its objective includes the restoration of the site, the evaluation of its archaeological potential and the excavation of its intact sequence to understand the site formation dynamics and clarify the chronology and nature of human occupations. So far, our research confirms prehistoric occupations during the Middle Gravettian and the presence of Levallois and Quina lithic technocomplexes in the Mousterian levels. The well-preserved faunal assemblage, dominated by reindeer, provides an abundant osseous industry as well as numerous human remains, several of which bearing traces of anthropogenic modifications that questions the mortuary practices of the Neanderthal groups who visited the rock shelter.
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L’abri Tourtoirac est un des nombreux sites préhistoriques malmenés du Périgord. Exploité pour amender les terres agricoles de la vallée puis exploré aux 19e et 20e siècles1,2 et enfin sujet à des pillages clandestins jusqu’à la fin des années 1990, il fait l’objet de recherches systématiques dirigées par H. Laville de 1968 à 1972. Ce dernier y identifie une séquence stratigraphique en place attestant d’occupations comprenant un niveau gravettien et cinq moustériens sans atteindre l’encaissant. Le niveau moustérien le plus profond livre par ailleurs deux restes humains. Malheureusement, outre trois brèves notes3–5, Laville ne publie pas les résultats de ses recherches et le site est peu à peu oublié.
References
2. Daniel, R. Note sur les niveaux aurignaciens et moustériens de la grotte de Tourtoirac (Dordogne). Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 29, 527–528 (1932).
3. Bordes, F. Aquitaine. Gallia préhistoire 13, 485–511 (1970).
4. Bordes, F. Aquitaine. Gallia préhistoire 15, 487–497 (1972).
5. Bordes, F. Aquitaine. Gallia préhistoire 17, 617–628 (1974).
Researcher Contact
Luc Doyon, PACEA